For more than 15 years, Manual Cinema has been redefining the boundaries of live performance, blending shadow puppetry, filmmaking, music, animation, and theatrical storytelling into an experience unlike anything else on stage. The Emmy Award-winning collective’s latest production, The 4th Witch, offers a bold new perspective on Shakespeare‘s Macbeth, transforming one of literature’s most enduring tales into an imaginative coming-of-age story filled with the company’s signature artistry and innovation.
Ahead of Manual Cinema’s June 4-6 engagement at OZ Arts Nashville, JHPENTERTAINMENT caught up with Julia Miller and Sarah Fornace, two of the collective’s five Co-Artistic Directors, to discuss the origins of the company, the challenges of touring such a technically ambitious production, the collaborative process behind their work, and what’s next for one of the most inventive theatrical collectives working today.
RAPID FIRE Q&A WITH MANUAL CINEMA’s JULIA MILLER AND SARAH FORNACE
RAPID FIRE WITH MANUAL CINEMA CO ARTISTIC DIRECTOR JULIA MILLER
JHPENTERTAINMENT: Manual Cinema’s audiences range from young children and families to theater lovers, film buffs, and aspiring artists. What do you think allows the work to connect with such a wide variety of people?
JULIA MILLER: I think puppetry as a medium can be profoundly impactful. There is something about bringing the inanimate to life that feels like magic. Something special happens through the work of the puppeteer and the audience, these objects are imbued with so much life and emotion, you feel it in a different way than watching a human perform. I think the handmade quality is also meaningful. Seeing the hands (sometimes literally) of the makers feels special in a time where so much of what we consume is digitally rendered. There is something about the humanness of the objects and the performance that seems to affect people.
JHPENTERTAINMENT: You’ve worn many hats within Manual Cinema as a director, puppeteer, puppet designer, and performer. Which part of the creative process feels most rewarding to you?
JULIA MILLER: My background/training is in performances, so I love being in rehearsal and performing in the shows. Working with so many amazing performers to create what eventually becomes a very intricate, tightly coordinated dance, is a special experience. I love developing new types of cinematic puppetry shots and techniques, but I also love designing puppets, directing, and devising stories with the other Co-Artistic Directors. I have so many interests I feel lucky to work in an environment that incorporates so many of them.
JHPENTERTAINMENT: Before co-founding Manual Cinema, you trained in devised theater, clown, and mask work in a variety of settings, including Italy. How do those disciplines continue to influence your storytelling today?
JULIA MILLER: The physical theatre training I did in mask, clown, and commedia dell’arte is all about specificity of action and gesture, how fast or slow you do something can tell the audience something different. So much of puppetry is that. Both share the same foundational principles, breath, focus, and weight. When I started working in puppetry I just began translating that work through an object instead of my body. I’ve always loved to work collaboratively, devising work in an ensemble is challenging in that there is a lot of give and take and negotiation between different ideas, but work made by many hands has so much more depth and personality to me. You can feel the many brains that worked together to make it, and I’ve always been drawn to that.
JHPENTERTAINMENT: Audiences see the finished production, but what would surprise them most about the amount of preparation and coordination required behind the scenes?
JULIA MILLER: Something unique to Manual Cinema performances is that you get to see the ensemble create all of the images of the movie in real time, on stage, below the projection screen. It takes a lot of work to coordinate all of that specific blocking, to make the transitions seamless and to the music, everything in sync. The puppeteers don’t get a break once the show starts. They play multiple characters, manipulate puppets, act as editors and lighting designers, track so many small props and costume changes, all tightly choreographed between five puppeteers. It’s like learning a dance by heart or memorizing a piece of music, you want to get to the point where you don’t have to think about what is next, your body just knows, and that takes repetition and doing the show over and over again. But when it’s there it really is like NASCAR, everyone moving in a tight little dance around each other, each move you make direct, efficient, and in relationship to someone else. It is amazing when it all comes together.
JHPENTERTAINMENT: Every Manual Cinema performance contains live, in-the-moment elements. Even with the film and projection components, is every performance of The 4th Witch a little different from the one before it?
JULIA MILLER: Absolutely. The container of the show is fixed in that we are all executing a series of repeatable actions. The choreography is set and does not change, even the timing is set exactly to sound design and music so there is no room for improvisation. That being said, it’s live theatre, props get left on the wrong side of the stage, puppets go missing, someone forgets a piece of blocking, but we just have to keep moving. There isn’t time to stop or feel bad because then you’ll be late for your next thing. The audience never notices, but the puppeteers always feel it, you just have to let go and move on. It’s a hard lesson I’m still learning. The audiences also really impact the performance. Sometimes we have a very rowdy house that isn’t afraid to laugh or audibly react. Those are always energizing because we get more feedback from the audience and play off of each other. Other times we get very focused but quiet houses and that changes the dynamic as well. Each audience is unique and reacts differently so that keeps us on our toes and changes the mood slightly night to night.
RAPID FIRE WITH MANUAL CINEMA CO ARTISTIC DIRECTOR JULIA MILLER
JHPENTERTAINMENT: For readers who may be discovering Manual Cinema for the first time, how do you describe what the company does in one or two sentences?
SARAH FORNACE: Manual Cinema is an Emmy Award-winning performance collective, design studio, and film/video production company. We combine handmade shadow puppetry, cinematic techniques, and innovative sound and music to create immersive stories for stage and screen that feel human, handmade, and urgent. We try to combine the sweeping storytelling of cinema with the deep human connection of live theatre.
JHPENTERTAINMENT: Manual Cinema was founded in 2010 by you, Julia Miller, Drew Dir, Ben Kauffman, and Kyle Vegter. Looking back 15-plus years later, did you have any idea the collective would grow into what it is today?
SARAH FORNACE: No! We started working together to create a short piece called “The Ballad of Lula del Ray.” We performed it in DIY spaces and small festivals in Chicago. People started to ask us what we would make next, and we came up with ideas for more shows. We had no idea that we would tour the world (every continent except Antartica) and still be working together 15 years later!
JHPENTERTAINMENT: One of the things that makes Manual Cinema unique is its deeply collaborative nature. What does the creative process look like when five co-artistic directors are helping shape a project?
SARAH FORNACE: It depends on the project! Some start with a story idea, some start with literary or biographical material that we are adapting, and some start with music! Some parts of the shows start with storyboards or animatics, and some are music-first. Generally, we will have at least one artistic director in the puppetry ensemble who helps shape the choreography and the story from the inside of the show. And usually we will have a director or an outside eye who is shaping it from the outside.
JHPENTERTAINMENT: You’ve worked with the same founding team since 2010. What’s the secret to maintaining a creative partnership for that long?
SARAH FORNACE: Good question! Fifteen years in, I think that we are still figuring out how to make work that is artistically exciting to us and financially lucrative enough to keep our doors open! The industry is always shifting, and I think that all the Manual Cinema artistic directors are incredibly smart and uniquely talented at telling stories that address the highs and lows of what it means to be human and how we try (and sometimes fail) to connect with each other. There is no one else I would rather tell stories and make work with!
JHPENTERTAINMENT: Outside of Manual Cinema, you’ve worked in theater, choreography, filmmaking, and even video game storytelling. How do those experiences influence the work you bring back to the company?
SARAH FORNACE: The great thing about being a deviser/director or a performer with Manual Cinema is that you get to do a bit of everything and bring all of your skills, interests, and problem-solving abilities to the project! As a performer in The 4th Witch, I get to not only act in silhouette and puppeteer but also control the shots and pacing of the show in the same way that a film editor and director of photography would in an actual film. I also get to work in super close collaboration with four of the most incredible puppeteers working today. They bring insights and skills from their various other backgrounds in filmmaking, animation, ballet, musical theatre, and clown. It feels like being in a Nascar pit crew of storytelling!
JHPENTERTAINMENT: The 4th Witch turns Shakespeare’s Macbeth on its head. Where did the initial spark for this reimagining come from?
SARAH FORNACE: We knew that we wanted to take a sideways approach akin to Tom Stoppard’s Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead. Adapting the show in this day and age, we were struck by how the play is suffused with an undercurrent of war. We thought that we would follow a young character whose village is destroyed in the first battle in the play. In Shakespeare’s text, we only hear about Macbeth’s conquest, but we wanted to show the human cost. It is also a coming of age story and a story about how we are all caught up in cycles of violence and capitalism even when we try to escape them. Ultimately, it is about how we can take all of the parts of ourselves and our past, the good and the bad, and move forward and create good in the world.
JHPENTERTAINMENT: Touring a production that combines film, live animation, puppetry, music, and performance seems like a massive logistical undertaking. What’s the biggest challenge in taking The 4th Witch from city to city?
SARAH FORNACE: We travel with a team of ten: 8 performers and 2 backstage positions (a sound engineer and a stage manager/technical director). Everyone in the cast is very good at their jobs. We not only perform and execute the show, but we also set it up in collaboration with the venue technicians and staff! There are so many moving parts in the show: hundreds of puppets, 4 old school overhead projectors, over a dozen sound looping pedals, several musical instruments both acoustic and electric, a camera, an array of video monitors…. All of that gets set up and calibrated to each venue before we welcome in the audience!
JHPENTERTAINMENT: Manual Cinema earned an Emmy Award in 2017 for The Forger. How did receiving that recognition impact the company and its future ambitions?
SARAH FORNACE: It was an honor to be on that project and tell the story of someone who helped so many hundreds of people (many children) escape Nazi France with the incredible journalists and filmmakers at the NYTimes (shout out to Samantha Stark and Alexandra Garcia) . I think that the success of that project opened the door to more documentary work. The shadow animation and rich sound/music scoring we do is actually a great fit for bringing historical material to life onscreen.
JHPENTERTAINMENT: Looking ahead, what’s next for you personally and what’s next for Manual Cinema as The 4th Witch continues its tour?
SARAH FORNACE: We are working on a new show inspired by A.I. and the way that we interact with technology in our daily lives. I am calling it a humanist show, and the tagline is “save your mind, save the world!”
Manual Cinema‘s work exists at the intersection of innovation and imagination, where centuries-old storytelling techniques meet cutting-edge theatrical craftsmanship. As The 4th Witch continues its journey across the country, audiences have an opportunity to witness firsthand why the company’s distinctive blend of puppetry, cinema, music, and live performance has captivated theatergoers around the world. For Nashville audiences, OZ Arts provides the perfect setting to experience a production that challenges expectations while reminding us of the enduring power of storytelling.
The 4th Witch takes to the stage at OZ Arts Nashville (6172 Cockrill Bend Circle) from Thursday, June 4 thru Saturday, June 6 with performances each night at 8pm and a Saturday matinee at 2pm. The venue opens an hour before each performance and offers a bar menu featuring a variety of alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages for purchase. Youth and Artists/Creative tickets are $25, General Admission tickets are $35 and Generous tickets are $45. CLICK HERE to purchase tickets. As an extra bit of fun, following the June 5 performance, Oz Arts will host a post-show Friday Night Talkback featuring Sarah Fornace and Julia Miller moderated by Nashville Shakespeare Festival‘s Artistic Director Jason Spelbring. (this event is free to Friday night’s audience).
This three-day, four performance presentation of Manual Cinema’s The 4th Witch marks the close of Oz Arts‘ current season, so be sure and CLICK HERE to stay in the know as Oz Arts reveals their coming 2026/2027 Season soon. To keep up with all things Oz Arts, follow them on Facebook, YouTube and Insta.
For more about Manual Cinema, and their current multi-city tour schedule, CLICK HERE or follow them on Facebook, Insta, Vimeo and Bandcamp.
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